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Пред. 23.01.09, 21:13   #18
Sergey Belyakov
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От John'а

"Рэйтлифф пишет в Истории Хоббита, с. 283, глава Medwed Улыбающийся
"Note that Frothi (Frodi) can also be transliterated Frodi; it is the same name that Tolkien anglicized as Frodo, his hero of The Lord of the Rings. Frodo Baggins' name, however, probably comes not from Elgfrothi but from King Frodi, in Icelandic tradition a legendary king of Denmark (grandson of the same Shield Sheafing about whom Tolkien wrote the poem referred to in Note 9 above), who reigned at the time of Christ's birth and established a reign of peace: 'Norsemen called it the Peace of Frodi. No man injured another, even although he was confronted with the slayer of his father or brother, free or in bonds. Neither were there any thieves or robbers, so that a gold ring lay untouched for a long time on the Heath of Jelling' (Prose Edda, p. 118)."

У Скалл в ЛотрК с.ХХ In another memo Tolkien began to consider the nature of the ring:
The Ring: whence its origin. Necromancer [an evil figure mentioned but not seen in The Hobbit]'? Not very dangerous, when used for good purpose. But it exacts its penalty. You must either lose it, or yourself. Bilbo could not bring himself to lose it. He starts on a holiday handing over ring to Bingo. But he vanishes. Bingo worried. Resists desire to go and find him - though he does travel round a lot looking for news. Won't lose ring as he feels it will ultimately bring him to his father.
At last he meets Gandalf. Gandalf's advice. You must stage a disappearance, and the ring may then be cheated into letting you follow a similar path. But you have got to really disappear and give up the past. Hence the 'party'.
Bingo confides in his friends. Odo, Frodo, and Vigo (?) [ > Marma-duke] insist on coming too... . [The Return of the Shadow, p. 42]
То есть тут Фродо - друг Бинго. Ул.

Cкалл, ЛотРК, с. 758 Gamgee. A surname found in England though uncommon. I do not know its origin; it does not appear to be English. It is also a word for 'cotton-wool' (now obsolescent but known to me in childhood), derived from the name of S. Gamgee, died 1886, a distinguished surgeon, who invented 'Gamgee tissue'. In a translation it would be best to treat this name as 'meaningless' and retain it with any spelling changes that may seem necessary to fit it to the style of the LT. [See also note for p. 22, containing a long further comment on Gamgee from the manuscript of Nomenclature.]

А теперь мой перечень -
Frodo Baggins:
In Old English, fród means "wise by experience." (Letters, #168)
For the name Baggins, Tolkien intended to recall the word "bag." The associated name Bag End was meant to imply "cul-de-sac." This was the local name of Tolkien's aunt's farm in Worcestershire, which was located at the end of a lane that led no further. ("Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings," entries for Baggins and Bag End)
Baggins may also be a reference to bagging, a term used in northern England for eating between meals. (Annotated Hobbit, ch. 1, note 3)

The Ring-bearer:
"Do you still hold to your word, Frodo, that you will be the Ring-bearer?"
"I do," said Frodo. "I will go with Sam."
The Fellowship of the Ring: "The Ring Goes South," p. 288

Elf-friend:
Gildor Inglorion: "I name you Elf-friend; and may the stars shine upon the end of your road!" The Fellowship of the Ring: "Three Is Company," p. 94

Mr. Underhill:
The Fellowship of the Ring: "At the Sign of the Prancing Pony," p. 165

The Halfling:
There shall be shown a token
That Doom is near at hand,
For Isildur's Bane shall waken,
And the Halfling forth shall stand.
The Fellowship of the Ring: "The Council of Elrond," p. 259

Master:
Sam and Gollum referred to Frodo as "Master" for different reasons: Sam, because he was Frodo's loyal servant; Gollum, because Frodo was the "Master of the Precious," or the bearer of the One Ring.
"I will serve the master of the Precious. Good master, good Smeagol, gollum, gollum!" The Two Towers: "The Taming of Smeagol," p. 225

Nine-fingered Frodo / Frodo of the Nine Fingers:
"What a tale we have been in, Mr. Frodo, haven't we?" he said. "I wish I could hear it told! Do you think they'll say: Now comes the story of Nine-fingered Frodo and the Ring of Doom?" The Return of the King: "The Field of Cormallen," p. 228-29
"For I will sing to you of Frodo of the Nine Fingers and the Ring of Doom."
The Return of the King: "The Field of Cormallen," p. 232

Deputy Mayor of Michel Delving:
Frodo held this office from November 3019 through Mid-Year's Day in 3020.
Old Will Whitfoot had been in the Lockholes longer than any, and though he had perhaps been treated less harshly than some, he needed a lot of feeding up before he could look the part of Mayor; so Frodo agreed to act as his Deputy, until Mr. Whitfoot was in shape again. The only thing that he did as Deputy Mayor was to reduce the Shirriffs to their proper functions and numbers.
The Return of the King: "The Grey Havens," p. 301
He resigned the office of Deputy Mayor at the Free Fair that mid-summer, and dear old Will Whitfoot had another seven years of presiding at Banquets.
The Return of the King: "The Grey Havens," p. 305

Bronwe athan Harthad (Endurance beyond Hope):
In an early draft of "Many Partings," Gandalf gave this name to Frodo.
"... I name before you all Frodo of the Shire and Samwise his servant. And the bards and minstrels should give them new names: Bronwe athan Harthad and Harthad Uluithiad, Endurance beyond Hope and Hope Unquenchable."
The History of Middle-earth, vol. IX, Sauron Defeated: "Many Partings," p. 62

Daur:
At the Field of Cormallen, Frodo and Sam are praised in Sindarin:
Daur a Berhael, Conin en Annûn! Eglerio!
(Frodo and Sam, Princes of the West, glorify them!)
The Return of the King: "The Field of Cormallen," p. 231
The word daur used for Frodo is a lenited form of taur, meaning "noble."

Iorhael:
This is the Sindarin name for Frodo, used for his namesake Frodo Gamgee in the King's Letter quoted in the Epilogue found in The History of Middle-earth, vol. IX, Sauron Defeated. It is derived from the words ior meaning "old" and hael meaning "wise," and possibly denotes "wise elder" or "venerable." (Elfling list)

Maura Labingi:
This is the Hobbit name of Frodo Baggins. (HoME, vol. XII, p. 48, 50)

Bingo Baggins:
In early drafts of The Lord of the Rings, this was the name given to Frodo's character. (HomE, vol. VI)

Теперь о Сэме.

Samwise Gamgee:
Samwise means "half wise," "simple" or "half-wit" in Old English. (Appendix F, p. 414; Letters, #72) .
Gamgee is an English surname and also a name for "cotton-wool," named after an English surgeon who invented "Gamgee tissue." Tolkien remembered the name from his childhood near Birmingham and used it to relate the Gamgee family to the Cotton family. As a Hobbit name, Gamgee is derived from Gamwich, a village in the Shire where the family originated. The Hobbitish form of Gamwich is Galabas - meaning "game village" - rendered as Galbasi as a family name. Other forms of the family name include Gammidge, Gamwichy, and Gammidgy.
"Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings," entry for Gamgee
The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien: Letters #72, #144, #184

Ring-bearer:
Since Sam bore the Ring for a brief time in Mordor, he was also accorded the title "Ring-bearer."

Samwise the Stouthearted:
"But you've left out one of the chief characters: Samwise the stouthearted. 'I want to hear more about Sam, dad. Why didn't they put in more of his talk, dad? That's what I like, it makes me laugh. And Frodo wouldn't have got far without Sam, would he, dad?' "
The Two Towers: The Stairs of Cirith Ungol," p. 322

Samwise the Strong, Hero of the Age:
Wild fantasies arose in his mind; and he saw Samwise the Strong, Hero of the Age, striding with a flaming sword across the darkened land, and armies flocking to his call as he marched to the overthrow of Barad-dur. And then all the clouds rolled away, and the white sun shone, and at his command the vale of Gorgoroth became a garden of flowers and trees and brought forth fruit. He had only to put on the Ring and claim it for his own, and all this could be.
The Return of the King: "The Tower of Cirith Ungol," p. 177

Mayor of Michel Delving:
Sam was elected Mayor after Will Whitfoot resigned in the year 7 of the Fourth Age (1427 S.R.). Sam served seven seven-year terms as Mayor. Appendix B of The Lord of the Rings: "The Tale of Years," p. 377-78

Counsellor of the North-kingdom:
King Elessar made Sam a Counsellor of the North-kingdom in the year 14. (Appendix B, p. 377)

Perhael:
The Sindarin name for Samwise, meaning "half wise." The lenited form of the word is Berhael. This name is used to refer to Sam in the praise the the Field of Cormallen.
Daur a Berhael, Conin en Annûn! Eglerio!
(Frodo and Sam, Princes of the West, glorify them!)
The Return of the King: "The Field of Cormallen," p. 231

Panthael:
In recognition of Sam's accomplishments during the War of the Ring, Aragorn noted that he should be called Panthael meaning "full wise" rather than Perhael meaning "half wise." Aragorn wrote this in a letter to Sam that appears in the Epilogue found in The History of Middle-earth, vol. IX, Sauron Defeated.

Harthad Uluithiad (Hope Unquenchable):
"... I name before you all Frodo of the Shire and Samwise his servant. And the bards and minstrels should give them new names: Bronwe athan Harthad and Harthad Uluithiad, Endurance beyond Hope and Hope Unquenchable."
The History of Middle-earth, vol. IX, Sauron Defeated: "Many Partings," p. 62

Sam Gardner:
Appendix C of The Lord of the Rings: Gamgee genealogy, p. 379, 383
Appendix D of The Lord of the Rings: "The Calendars," p. 390

Banazîr Galbasi:
Banazir Galbasi is the Hobbit name of Samwise Gamgee. Banazir is the equivalent of Samwise, meaning "half wise," and is shortened as Ban. Galbasi, or Galpsi, is derived from Galabas, the Hobbitish form of the village Gamwich, meaning "game village."
Appendix F of The Lord of the Rings: "The Languages and Peoples of the Third Age," p. 414, 416

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