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Generals are mounted on horses rather than Mumakil as the 'Chieftain' was so mounted at Pelennor Fields. Mumakil are described as elephants, but larger than any of those now living (TT, p335), they had howdahs (TT, p336; RotK, p336). Trappings were scarlet and gold and tusks were banded with gold (TT, p36). Mumakil are optional in alliedontingents because the force that went to Morannon contained none (TT, p315).
Cavalry were numerous (RotK, p143). They used scimitars as their main weapon, rather than lance or bow (RotK, p135).
Footmen are split between spearmen and archers both by analogy with medieval Arab Islamic states, and because some at least were spearmen (TT, p315), while arrows were used by some men (RotK, p166). They could be dressed in red or scarlet (TT, p335, RotK, p143). Some at least were armoured with scale corselets (TT, p335).
Khand and Wainrider allies are allowed after the Haradrim patched up their differences with them, having previously been enemies, and decided to attack Gondor instead (UT, p291, 295). Other Haradrim allies are allowed since the Haradrim are described as 'peoples' plural, rather than singular (UT, p291; p312), and under 'kings' (RotK, p397). Nothing is known of the Far-Haradrim, and I assume they can therefore be related to historical pre-Islamic desert cultures.
The option to upgrade some troops to regular is because the red-clothing may be evidence of uniform organisation as well as clothing; and also because the Hardrim are described as fighting on resolutely at Pelennor Fields since they were 'war-hardened', despite the loss of their general (RotK, p146), which is much more difficult to do with troops graded as irregular.
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